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として

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として

toshite

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Expr.
Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
Expr.

  1. as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of)

  2. apart from... (used to change the topic)

  3. even (e.g. "not even a single person")

  4. thinking that...; trying to...

    Related:とする

Full entry for として

主
として
しゅ

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主
として
しゅ

shutoshite

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Expr.
Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
Expr.
Adverb
Adverb (fukushi)
Adverb

  1. mainly; chiefly; primarily; for the most part

Full entry for 主として

依
然
として
い
ぜん

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依
然
として
い
ぜん

izentoshite

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
Expr.
Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
Expr.
Adverb
Adverb (fukushi)
Adverb

  1. still; as yet; as of old

    EXAMPLE
    依然(いぜん)として彼(かれ)から便(たよ)りがない。
    I still haven't heard from him.
    Related:依然

Full entry for 依然として

時
として
とき

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時
として
とき

tokitoshite

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Adverb
Adverb (fukushi)
Adverb

  1. in some cases; sometimes; on occasions

Full entry for 時として

誰
一
人
として
だれ
ひと
り

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誰
一
人
として
だれ
ひと
り

darehitoritoshite

Expr.
Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
Expr.

  1. (not) a single person; (no) one

    Related:として

Full entry for 誰一人として

としては

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としては

toshiteha

Expr.
Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
Expr.

  1. as (for); for; in the capacity of

    Related:として,は

Full entry for としては

代
表
だい
ひょう

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代
表
だい
ひょう

daihyou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N2
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N2
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. representative; representation; delegation; type; example; model

    Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
    Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
    Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
    の-adj.
    Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
    の-adj.

  2. switchboard number; main number

    Abbr.
    Abbreviation
    Abbr.
    Related:代表番号

Full entry for 代表

著
ちょ

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著
ちょ

cho

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common

  1. work; book

    Noun (common)
    Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
    Noun (common)

  2. (a book) by

    Suffix
    Suffix
    Suffix

  3. obvious; striking

    な-adj.
    Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)
    な-adj.
    Noun (common)
    Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
    Noun (common)

Full entry for 著

類
るい

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類
るい

rui

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun, as suffix
Noun, used as a suffix
Noun, as suffix

  1. kind; sort; type; class; genus; order; family

  2. similar example; parallel; the like

Full entry for 類

物
質
ぶっ
しつ

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物
質
ぶっ
しつ

busshitsu

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. material; substance

  2. matter

Full entry for 物質

補
助
ほ
じょ

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補
助
ほ
じょ

hojo

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
の-adj.
Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
の-adj.

  1. assistance; support; aid; help

  2. subsidy; supplement; subvention; grant-in-aid

  3. auxiliary; subsidiary

  4. spot (in bodybuilding)

Full entry for 補助

模
様
も
よう

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模
様
も
よう

moyou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N3
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N3
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. pattern; figure; design

  2. state; condition

  3. conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems

  4. model; pattern; example

  5. indicates that something seems likely (e.g. rain or storm)

  6. framework (in go); territorial framework; moyo

Full entry for 模様

道
具
どう
ぐ

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tool; implement; instrument; utensil; apparatus; device — 道具
Dougu: Photo by Csongor Kemény on Pexels

道
具
どう
ぐ

dougu

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N4
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N4
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. tool; implement; instrument; utensil; apparatus; device

    EXAMPLE
    道具(どうぐ)を乱暴(らんぼう)に扱(あつか)うな。
    Don't handle the tools roughly.

  2. means

  3. furniture

    Related:家具

Full entry for 道具

官
僚
かん
りょう

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官
僚
かん
りょう

kanryou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. bureaucrat; government official; bureaucracy

Full entry for 官僚

側
面
そく
めん

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側
面
そく
めん

sokumen

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. side; flank; profile; sidelight; lateral

  2. aspect; dimension

Full entry for 側面

変
動
へん
どう

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変
動
へん
どう

hendou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. change; fluctuation

Full entry for 変動

軸
じく

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軸
じく

jiku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. axis; shaft; axle

    Noun, as suffix
    Noun, used as a suffix
    Noun, as suffix

  2. center; centre; focal point; key point

  3. stalk; stem

  4. hanging scroll

    Related:掛け物

Full entry for 軸

賠
償
ばい
しょう

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賠
償
ばい
しょう

baishou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. compensation; reparations; indemnity; damages

Full entry for 賠償

ポール

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ポール

pooru

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. pole

  2. poll

Full entry for ポール

衛
生
えい
せい

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衛
生
えい
せい

eisei

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. hygiene; sanitation; health

Full entry for 衛生

通
訳
つう
やく

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通
訳
つう
やく

tsuuyaku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N3
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N3
JLPT N4
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N4
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. interpretation (i.e. oral translation)

    Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
    Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
    Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  2. interpreter

    EXAMPLE
    彼女(かのじょ)は通訳(つうやく)として雇(やと)われた。
    She was engaged as an interpreter.

Full entry for 通訳

国
語
こく
ご

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国
語
こく
ご

kokugo

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N3
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N3
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. national language

  2. Japanese language (often as a school subject in Japan)

    Related:国語科

  3. native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords)

Full entry for 国語

略
りゃく

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略
りゃく

ryaku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. abbreviation; omission

    Noun, as suffix
    Noun, used as a suffix
    Noun, as suffix

  2. outline; gist

  3. plan; strategy; scheme

Full entry for 略

前
年
ぜん
ねん

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前
年
ぜん
ねん

zennen

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Adv. noun
Adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)
Adv. noun
Noun (temporal)
Noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)
Noun (temporal)

  1. the preceding year; the previous year; last year

Full entry for 前年

兵
へい

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兵
へい

hei

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. (common) soldier; rank and file

  2. army; troops

  3. warfare; strategy

Full entry for 兵

看
護
かん
ご

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nursing; (army) nurse — 看護
Kango: Photo by RODNAE Productions on Pexels

看
護
かん
ご

kango

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. nursing; (army) nurse

Full entry for 看護

匿
名
とく
めい

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匿
名
とく
めい

tokumei

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
の-adj.
Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
の-adj.

  1. anonymity; using an assumed name

Full entry for 匿名

共
とも

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together with — 共
Tomo: Photo by mododeolhar on Pexels

共
とも

tomo

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common

  1. together with

    Noun (common)
    Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
    Noun (common)
    Noun, as prefix
    Noun, used as a prefix
    Noun, as prefix

  2. same

    Noun (common)
    Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
    Noun (common)
    Noun, as prefix
    Noun, used as a prefix
    Noun, as prefix

  3. both; all; neither; none

    Suffix
    Suffix
    Suffix
    Written w/ kanji only
    Word usually written using kana alone
    Written w/ kanji only

  4. including ...

    Suffix
    Suffix
    Suffix
    Written w/ kanji only
    Word usually written using kana alone
    Written w/ kanji only

Full entry for 共

創
作
そう
さく

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創
作
そう
さく

sousaku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. creation; production; creative work (novel, film, etc.); original work; (creative) writing

  2. fabrication; fiction; invention

Full entry for 創作

省
略
しょう
りゃく

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省
略
しょう
りゃく

shouryaku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N3
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N3
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. omission; abbreviation; abridgment; abridgement

    Related:省略符号

Full entry for 省略

通
用
つう
よう

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通
用
つう
よう

tsuuyou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N2
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N2
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. popular use; circulation

    Noun (common)
    Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
    Noun (common)

  2. to pass as; to pass for

Full entry for 通用

肯
定
こう
てい

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肯
定
こう
てい

koutei

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N2
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N2
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. affirmation

    Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
    Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
    Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  2. affirmative (logic)

Full entry for 肯定

奴
隷
ど
れい

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奴
隷
ど
れい

dorei

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
の-adj.
Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
の-adj.

  1. slave; servant

  2. slavery

Full entry for 奴隷

顧
問
こ
もん

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顧
問
こ
もん

komon

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
の-adj.
Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
の-adj.

  1. adviser; advisor; consultant

Full entry for 顧問

倉
庫
そう
こ

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storehouse; warehouse; godown — 倉庫
Souko: Photo by Cleyder Duque on Pexels

倉
庫
そう
こ

souko

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. storehouse; warehouse; godown

Full entry for 倉庫

ガソリン

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ガソリン

gasorin

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N4
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N4
Genki Ch. 21
Appears in chapter 21 of the Genki textbook
Genki Ch. 21
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. gasoline; petrol

    EXAMPLE
    ガソリンの需要(じゅよう)は非常(ひじょう)に高(たか)い。
    There is a great demand for gasoline.

Full entry for ガソリン

社
会
党
しゃ
かい
とう

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社
会
党
しゃ
かい
とう

shakaitou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. Socialist Party

Full entry for 社会党

情
けない
なさ

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情
けない
なさ

nasakenai

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N2
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N2
Adj.
Adjective (keiyoushi)
Adj.

  1. miserable; pitiable; shameful; deplorable; pathetic

Full entry for 情けない

事
象
じ
しょう

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事
象
じ
しょう

jishou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. event; phenomenon; matter

Full entry for 事象

誠
に
まこと

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誠
に
まこと

makotoni

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
Genki Ch. 20
Appears in chapter 20 of the Genki textbook
Genki Ch. 20
Adverb
Adverb (fukushi)
Adverb

  1. indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very; quite

    Related:実に

Full entry for 誠に

挫
折
ざ
せつ

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挫
折
ざ
せつ

zasetsu

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. setback; failure (e.g. plans, business); frustration; discouragement

Full entry for 挫折

不
可
ふ
か

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不
可
ふ
か

fuka

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. wrong; bad; improper; unjustifiable; inadvisable

    の-adj.
    Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
    の-adj.
    な-adj.
    Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)
    な-adj.
    Noun, as suffix
    Noun, used as a suffix
    Noun, as suffix

  2. not allowed; not possible

    の-adj.
    Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
    の-adj.
    な-adj.
    Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)
    な-adj.
    Noun, as suffix
    Noun, used as a suffix
    Noun, as suffix

  3. failing grade

Full entry for 不可

残
酷
ざん
こく

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残
酷
ざん
こく

zankoku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
な-adj.
Adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)
な-adj.
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. cruel; brutal; ruthless; merciless; inhuman

    EXAMPLE
    運命(うんめい)は時(とき)として残酷(ざんこく)である。
    Destiny is sometimes cruel.

Full entry for 残酷

カリスマ

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カリスマ

karisuma

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Prenominal noun/verb
Noun or verb acting prenominally
Prenominal noun/verb

  1. charisma (i.e. attractiveness, charm)

  2. charisma (i.e. divinely conferred power or talent); charism

  3. charismatic person

  4. someone famous (usu. for their talent); celebrity; idol; icon

    Colloquialism
    Colloquialism
    Colloquialism

Full entry for カリスマ

燃
焼
ねん
しょう

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燃
焼
ねん
しょう

nenshou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. burning; combustion

Full entry for 燃焼

振
る
舞
い
ふ
ま

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振
る
舞
い
ふ
ま

furumai

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)

  1. behavior; behaviour; conduct

  2. entertainment; treat; feast; banquet

Full entry for 振る舞い

通
商
つう
しょう

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通
商
つう
しょう

tsuushou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する
Noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru
Noun/participle taking aux. verb する

  1. commerce; trade

Full entry for 通商

築
く
きず

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築
く
きず

kizuku

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
JLPT N2
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N2
Godan verb w/ く ending
Godan verb with 'ku' ending
Godan verb w/ く ending
Transitive verb
Transitive verb
Transitive verb

  1. to build; to construct; to erect

  2. to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up

Full entry for 築く

社
交
しゃ
こう

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社
交
しゃ
こう

shakou

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
Noun (common)
Noun (common) (futsuumeishi)
Noun (common)
の-adj.
Nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'
の-adj.

  1. social life; social intercourse

Full entry for 社交

断
固
だん
こ

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断
固
だん
こ

danko

Common
Relative commonness of this word, based on various sources (incl. newspapers)
Common
JLPT N1
Kanji difficulty according to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. N5 is easiest and N1 is hardest
JLPT N1
たる-adj.
'taru' adjective
たる-adj.
と-adj.
Adverb taking the 'to' particle
と-adj.

  1. firm; determined; resolute; conclusive

    EXAMPLE
    彼(かれ)は断固(だんこ)として断(ことわ)った。
    He gave a firm refusal.

Full entry for 断固

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